PSEUDO-MYCOSES
Pseudo-mycoses include erythrasma and an actinomycosis which concerned earlier fungoid processes, but more detailed studying of originators has allowed to carry them to the special microorganisms which are intermediate between mushrooms and bacteria.
ERYTHRASMA
Erythrasma - very widespread disease of dermal cords. Aetiology and pathogenesis. The erythrasma originator - Corynebacterium minutissum, it tap in flakes of a false skin in the form of thin slabovetvjashchihsja septirovannyh threads between which settle down kokkovidnye cells. Disease development is promoted by the raised sweating, non-observance of rules of personal hygiene, and also a heat and humidity of environment. Men are ill mainly. The contageousness is insignificant. Clinical picture. Most often are surprised pahovo femoral cords, the axillary fossas, adjoining surfaces under mammary glands at women. At the same time the erythrasma centres can be on a trunk, extremities (including interdigital cords and crests of feet) and even on a prepuce and a balanus. At men usual and rather characteristic localisation are sites of an internal surface of hips, adjacent to a scrotum (the scrotum almost never is surprised). In the specified zones there are sharply circumscribed maculae the noninflammatory character which colour varies from zheltovato red to is red the brown. Maculae roundish, the size from punctual coins to size of various advantage; at merge of maculae are formed large - to a palm and more - the centres with festonchatymi contours. A surface of initial rashes the smooth; the weak ecdysis fine flakes in due course joins. Subjective sensations are absent. Under the influence of the raised Birth Control Pills, a friction and joining of a secondary infection the centres of an erythrasma in the field of cords, especially in the summer, become complicated the inflammatory phenomena (a hyperemia, puffiness, tearing away of a cornual layer) up to the intertrigo formation, accompanied by an itch. The diagnosis of an uncomplicated erythrasma does not cause difficulties and is put on the basis of a clinical picture. It confirms korallovo a red luminescence of the centres of a lesion (at the expense of a water-soluble porphyrin. Developed by bacteria) in beams of a lamp of Wood. If necessary make microscopical research of flakes. Treatment: 5 % Unguentum Erytgromycyni (a lung vtiranie in the centres 2 times a day within 7 days), 5 % salicylic and 5 % Glycerinum salicylic alcohol, at widespread forms - erythromycin inside on 0,2) 5 times a day within 5-7 days. For elimination of the joined intertrigo use aqueous solutions of aniline stains. Preventive maintenance consists in the hygienic maintenance of a body, careful osushivanii skins, especially cords, after hydrotherapeutic procedures; hyperhidrosis elimination.
ACTINOMYCOSIS Actinomycosis - the chronic infectious not contagious disease amazing the person and animals, caused aktinomitsetami. Disease is observed worldwide. Sick of an actinomycosis make to 10 % among sick of chronic ton processes. Men are ill in 2 times more often women, the age of patients fluctuates from 20 till 40 years. Aetiology and pathogenesis. The actinomycosis originator - anaerobic radiant funguses - aktinomitsety, more often Actinomyces israeli. The greatest recognition was received by a hypothesis of endogenous infection at which radiant funguses, it is constant saprofitirujushchie in an organism (in an oral cavity, zheludochno an intestinal tract, the top respiratory tracts), get pathogenic properties. To disease occurrence promote immunity weakening, chronic infections, a frigorism, etc. Protective properties of a mucosa are broken at the expense of local inflammatory processes, microtraumas. Probably also an exogenous becoming infected of open traumas, actinomycosis development in an epithelial coccygeal course, bronhiogennyh fistulas with the subsequent diffusion on surrounding tissues. Round the taken root originators in podslizistyj a layer or a hypodermic fat the specific granuloma - an actinomycoma with disintegration and a pyesis and formation of a cicatrical (chondroid) tissue is formed. Clinical picture. The actinomycosis amazes respiratory organs, a digestive tube, pararektalnys tissues, genitourinary organs, bones, a skin. The skin actinomycosis can be primary and secondary and proceeds in the form of several forms (nodulose, bugorkovaja, ulcerative, etc.). The nodulose form of an actinomycosis is characterised by formation of dense, inactive painless knot in diameter of 3-4 sm and more which in process of growth acts over level of a skin and accustomed to drinking with it, paternal the skin gets darkly red colour with a violet shade. Nearby the new centres can be formed. Knots are inclined to abscessing and formation of fistulas through which purulent contents often with yellowish grains - druses aktinomitseta stream. One fistulas cicatrise, others arise again. Process has persistent chronic long-term character and is localised mainly in the field of buccal, podpodborodochnoj, podnizhnecheljustnoj areas, in the field of a perineum, mezhjagodichnoj cords, breeches. At bugorkovoj to the form which usually develops at a primary actinomycosis of a skin, rashes represent dense, semiball-shaped darkly red bugorki in diameter 0,5 sm which are not merging among themselves and opened with allocation of a drop of pus from the formed fistulous course and becoming covered buro by yellow crusts. Process tends to amaze a hypodermic fat and to extend on the next topographical areas. The ulcerative form becomes perceptible at the weakened patients at whom on a place abstsedirovavshph infiltrates ulcers with soft podrytymi rough edges and flaccid granulations at the bottom are formed. The diagnosis is put on the basis of the clinical picture confirmed bakterioskopiej and Contraceptive Types. Treatment: aktinolizat intramusculary on 3-4 ml or intradermally since 0,5 ml to 2 ml 2 times a week, on a course of 20-25 injections, immunokorrektory, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action (in case of joining of a secondary infection). Surgical excising of the centres of a lesion together with a hypodermic fat.
The chapter IX VIRUS ILLNESSES VIRUS DERMATOSES - group of diseases of a skin and mucosas (sometimes in a combination to a lesion of an internal), caused by penetration, a reproduction and dissemination of viruses. Virus dermatoses include: herpes idle time, a herpes surrounding, warts and a contagious molluscum.
Viruses possess own genomom and ability to intensive growth and reproduction only in cells vysokoorganizovannyh organisms. Being submicroscopic, intracellular parasites, they are capable to amaze cells of the higher mammals, a plant, insects, microorganisms. For viruses two forms of existence are characteristic: extracellular (based) and intracellular (vegetative or reproduced). Viruses are sectioned on simple and difficult, first of which the second consist of fiber and the nucleic acid, - besides, contain lipids, carbohydrates and other components. It is established that at all kinds of viruses of herpes exists gruppospetsifichesky nukleokapsidnyj an antigen, and also a little tipospetsificheskih the antigens bound both with nucleocapsids, and with lipoproteidnoj a cover that gives the chance to them to enter two-dimensional reactions. Family Herpesviridae represents Contraceptive Types genomnye viruses, which are sectioned into three subfamilies (???). The viruses allocated from the owner, are designated by the Arabian digits (for example, a virus of simple herpes VPG 1, VPG 2). In the nature viruses are transferred from one owner to another. At parazitirovanii at the higher mammals and the person the expressed tropism of various viruses to a lesion of certain organs and tissues (pnevmotropnye, neurotropic, nejro dermatropnye, dermatropnye) is accurately taped. It is known that gerpesvirusy widespread. By data the CART, a case rate a virus of simple herpes takes the second place after an influenzal infection. Gerpesvirusy termolabilny also are inactivated during 30 minutes at temperature of +52 wasps, it is long keep viability at-70пїЅS, are steady against ultrasound influence, numerous freezing and thawing, however are easily inactivated under the influence of x-ray and UF beams, alcohol, organic detergents, proteolytic enzymes and bile. The optimal for their existence rn makes 6,5 6,9.
Erythrasma - very widespread disease of dermal cords. Aetiology and pathogenesis. The erythrasma originator - Corynebacterium minutissum, it tap in flakes of a false skin in the form of thin slabovetvjashchihsja septirovannyh threads between which settle down kokkovidnye cells. Disease development is promoted by the raised sweating, non-observance of rules of personal hygiene, and also a heat and humidity of environment. Men are ill mainly. The contageousness is insignificant. Clinical picture. Most often are surprised pahovo femoral cords, the axillary fossas, adjoining surfaces under mammary glands at women. At the same time the erythrasma centres can be on a trunk, extremities (including interdigital cords and crests of feet) and even on a prepuce and a balanus. At men usual and rather characteristic localisation are sites of an internal surface of hips, adjacent to a scrotum (the scrotum almost never is surprised). In the specified zones there are sharply circumscribed maculae the noninflammatory character which colour varies from zheltovato red to is red the brown. Maculae roundish, the size from punctual coins to size of various advantage; at merge of maculae are formed large - to a palm and more - the centres with festonchatymi contours. A surface of initial rashes the smooth; the weak ecdysis fine flakes in due course joins. Subjective sensations are absent. Under the influence of the raised Birth Control Pills, a friction and joining of a secondary infection the centres of an erythrasma in the field of cords, especially in the summer, become complicated the inflammatory phenomena (a hyperemia, puffiness, tearing away of a cornual layer) up to the intertrigo formation, accompanied by an itch. The diagnosis of an uncomplicated erythrasma does not cause difficulties and is put on the basis of a clinical picture. It confirms korallovo a red luminescence of the centres of a lesion (at the expense of a water-soluble porphyrin. Developed by bacteria) in beams of a lamp of Wood. If necessary make microscopical research of flakes. Treatment: 5 % Unguentum Erytgromycyni (a lung vtiranie in the centres 2 times a day within 7 days), 5 % salicylic and 5 % Glycerinum salicylic alcohol, at widespread forms - erythromycin inside on 0,2) 5 times a day within 5-7 days. For elimination of the joined intertrigo use aqueous solutions of aniline stains. Preventive maintenance consists in the hygienic maintenance of a body, careful osushivanii skins, especially cords, after hydrotherapeutic procedures; hyperhidrosis elimination.
ACTINOMYCOSIS Actinomycosis - the chronic infectious not contagious disease amazing the person and animals, caused aktinomitsetami. Disease is observed worldwide. Sick of an actinomycosis make to 10 % among sick of chronic ton processes. Men are ill in 2 times more often women, the age of patients fluctuates from 20 till 40 years. Aetiology and pathogenesis. The actinomycosis originator - anaerobic radiant funguses - aktinomitsety, more often Actinomyces israeli. The greatest recognition was received by a hypothesis of endogenous infection at which radiant funguses, it is constant saprofitirujushchie in an organism (in an oral cavity, zheludochno an intestinal tract, the top respiratory tracts), get pathogenic properties. To disease occurrence promote immunity weakening, chronic infections, a frigorism, etc. Protective properties of a mucosa are broken at the expense of local inflammatory processes, microtraumas. Probably also an exogenous becoming infected of open traumas, actinomycosis development in an epithelial coccygeal course, bronhiogennyh fistulas with the subsequent diffusion on surrounding tissues. Round the taken root originators in podslizistyj a layer or a hypodermic fat the specific granuloma - an actinomycoma with disintegration and a pyesis and formation of a cicatrical (chondroid) tissue is formed. Clinical picture. The actinomycosis amazes respiratory organs, a digestive tube, pararektalnys tissues, genitourinary organs, bones, a skin. The skin actinomycosis can be primary and secondary and proceeds in the form of several forms (nodulose, bugorkovaja, ulcerative, etc.). The nodulose form of an actinomycosis is characterised by formation of dense, inactive painless knot in diameter of 3-4 sm and more which in process of growth acts over level of a skin and accustomed to drinking with it, paternal the skin gets darkly red colour with a violet shade. Nearby the new centres can be formed. Knots are inclined to abscessing and formation of fistulas through which purulent contents often with yellowish grains - druses aktinomitseta stream. One fistulas cicatrise, others arise again. Process has persistent chronic long-term character and is localised mainly in the field of buccal, podpodborodochnoj, podnizhnecheljustnoj areas, in the field of a perineum, mezhjagodichnoj cords, breeches. At bugorkovoj to the form which usually develops at a primary actinomycosis of a skin, rashes represent dense, semiball-shaped darkly red bugorki in diameter 0,5 sm which are not merging among themselves and opened with allocation of a drop of pus from the formed fistulous course and becoming covered buro by yellow crusts. Process tends to amaze a hypodermic fat and to extend on the next topographical areas. The ulcerative form becomes perceptible at the weakened patients at whom on a place abstsedirovavshph infiltrates ulcers with soft podrytymi rough edges and flaccid granulations at the bottom are formed. The diagnosis is put on the basis of the clinical picture confirmed bakterioskopiej and Contraceptive Types. Treatment: aktinolizat intramusculary on 3-4 ml or intradermally since 0,5 ml to 2 ml 2 times a week, on a course of 20-25 injections, immunokorrektory, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action (in case of joining of a secondary infection). Surgical excising of the centres of a lesion together with a hypodermic fat.
The chapter IX VIRUS ILLNESSES VIRUS DERMATOSES - group of diseases of a skin and mucosas (sometimes in a combination to a lesion of an internal), caused by penetration, a reproduction and dissemination of viruses. Virus dermatoses include: herpes idle time, a herpes surrounding, warts and a contagious molluscum.
Viruses possess own genomom and ability to intensive growth and reproduction only in cells vysokoorganizovannyh organisms. Being submicroscopic, intracellular parasites, they are capable to amaze cells of the higher mammals, a plant, insects, microorganisms. For viruses two forms of existence are characteristic: extracellular (based) and intracellular (vegetative or reproduced). Viruses are sectioned on simple and difficult, first of which the second consist of fiber and the nucleic acid, - besides, contain lipids, carbohydrates and other components. It is established that at all kinds of viruses of herpes exists gruppospetsifichesky nukleokapsidnyj an antigen, and also a little tipospetsificheskih the antigens bound both with nucleocapsids, and with lipoproteidnoj a cover that gives the chance to them to enter two-dimensional reactions. Family Herpesviridae represents Contraceptive Types genomnye viruses, which are sectioned into three subfamilies (???). The viruses allocated from the owner, are designated by the Arabian digits (for example, a virus of simple herpes VPG 1, VPG 2). In the nature viruses are transferred from one owner to another. At parazitirovanii at the higher mammals and the person the expressed tropism of various viruses to a lesion of certain organs and tissues (pnevmotropnye, neurotropic, nejro dermatropnye, dermatropnye) is accurately taped. It is known that gerpesvirusy widespread. By data the CART, a case rate a virus of simple herpes takes the second place after an influenzal infection. Gerpesvirusy termolabilny also are inactivated during 30 minutes at temperature of +52 wasps, it is long keep viability at-70пїЅS, are steady against ultrasound influence, numerous freezing and thawing, however are easily inactivated under the influence of x-ray and UF beams, alcohol, organic detergents, proteolytic enzymes and bile. The optimal for their existence rn makes 6,5 6,9.